A service of Scott P. Rogers, Associate Broker, Funkhouser Real Estate Group 540.578.0102 | scott@HarrisonburgHousingToday.com
December 2018 Harrisonburg & Rockingham County Real Estate Market Report
December 11, 2018
Home sales slowed slightly in November with only 83 closings as compared to 100 last November. That said, the year-to-date pace of sales is still 3.62% higher than it was last year at this time. Furthermore, the median sales price has increased 7.89% over the past year to $212,000. The length of time it takes home to sell is also declining -- with a 27% decline from a median of 33 days on the market last year to a median of 24 days on the market this year. With 11 of 12 months having been closed out, it seems likely we will see a net increase in the number of home sales this year as compared to last year.
Each year, roughly twice as many homes sell in the County as compared to the City, and looking at the past 12 months (and comparing it to the previous 12 months) we see that pattern yet again with 459 City home sales compared to 845 County home sales. Over the past year, the pace of sales has increased 11.41% in the City, while only increasing 0.36% in the County -- and the median sales price has increased in both areas. The median sales prices has increased slightly more in the City (+9%) than in the County (+6%) but the City median sales price ($190,000) remains quite a bit lower than in the County ($223,317).
This has been somewhat of a roller coast of a year for home sales when viewing the sales on a month by month basis. We had six new monthly highs for the number of home sales in that month -- in February, March, April, June, July and October. The other five months of the year were right in the normal range of where we’d expect them to be. The net results of this seems like to be that we’ll see more total home sales in 2018 than in 2017 - but not quite as many as in 2016 - read on for further details. We seem likely to see between 80 and 95 home sales in December 2018.
This colorful graph offers another way to look at the overall sales trends for the past few years in the Harrisonburg and Rockingham County housing market. As shown above, our local housing market experienced small incremental growth between 2013 and 2015 before seeing a sharp uptick in home sales in 2016, and then a modest decline between 2016 and 2017. We now seem poised to have an increase in annual home sales in 2018 -- as compared to 2017 -- but not necessarily as compared to in 2016. That said, this will likely be the third year in a row with 1250 or more home sales in our local market.
This graph shows a rolling 12 month trend line of the number of homes sold in the Harrisonburg and Rockingham County area, as well as the median price of the homes that sold during these time frames. Each data point shows one year’s worth of home sales, which eliminates the volatility of evaluating sales figures on a monthly basis. The pace of home sales rose between 2015 and mid-2017 before slowing for about a year -- but now seems to be SLOWLY on the rise again in 2018. The median sales price, however, has been on a relatively steady rise for over two years now -- increasing above $200K in 2018 and now eclipsing $210K.
This graph provides an overall indicator of the state of our housing market, showing both the number of homes being sold each year since 2002 (yellow bars) as well as changes in the median sales price during the same time period (blue line). After six years in a row (2011-2016) of an increasing pace of home sales, we then saw a 4% decline in the pace of home sales in 2017. This was accompanied, however, by a 3% increase in the median sales prices, which continues the now six year (2012-2017) trend of increasing median sales prices, and we have now reached the highest annual median sales price ever seen in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County.
The single family home market in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County improved significantly between 2015 and 2016 with a 20% increase in the number of homes sold and an accompanying 7% increase in the median price of those homes. Last year proved to be a bit of a different year -- with a 9% decline to only 890 homes selling in the year -- though the median sales price continued to rise, from $214,000 up 5% to $224,600. Now, in 2018, we are seeing further increases in that median sales price and we have surpassed the (all-time) past peak of $226,800 seen in 2006.
Townhouse (and duplexes and condo) sales are on a roll! Last year marked the sixth year in a row that we saw an increase in the number of these sales in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, with 370 sales -- up 12% from the prior year. In even better news, the median sales price of these townhouses, duplexes and condominiums rose 7% between 2016 and 2017 from $149,500 up to $159,800. Of note, it seems likely we will (in 2018) see a return to the peak median sales price seen in this property category between 2006 and 2008, though we are likely never (or not for a long while) to see a return to over 600 of these sales per year, as was seen in 2005.
Most housing market analysts consider six months of inventory (active listings) to be an indicator of a balanced market (between buyers and sellers). The “BUYERS” trend line above is illustrating how many buyers are buying in a six month period. The “SELLERS” trend line above is illustrating how many sellers are in the market (active listings) at any given time. Over the past four years we have seen a steady increase in buyers and a declining number of sellers. In June 2016, these two trajectories crossed, and there are now many more buyers buying in a six month period than there are homes for sale -- though the buying pace has leveled off.
In addition to monitoring home values by overall median sales prices in our market, it can be insightful to examine the median price per square foot of homes that are selling. The graph above shows the median price per square foot of all single family homes sold over the past 10+ years. The value trend captured by this graph is quite similar to the trend shown in the single family home median sales price during the same time, which validates that assumed set of changes in home values. Over the past several years (2015 to 2016 to 2017) we have seen increases in the median sales price as well as the median price per square foot of single family homes.
Price per square foot of single family homes certainly varies for many reasons, including the age, location, lot size and structural characteristics of each home sold. However, there are some similarities in homes of similar sizes. Looking at 2018 figures, this graph illustrates that the median price per square foot of larger homes (2500+ SF) is a good bit lower ($109/SF) than that of homes with less than 1500 SF ($145/SF). These values cannot be used as an absolute standard against which the value of any home can be measured, but they can provide some helpful guidance when trying to determine the value of a home.
This graph shows the average list price to sales price ratio (red line) over the past 15 years as compared to the overall pace of home sales. At the peak of the housing boom (2004-2006) sellers were able to obtain a median of 99% of their asking price --- up from a median of 97.7% in 2001 before the pace of home sales started escalating. Then, when the pace of home sales slowed (through 2010) this metric dropped to 96%, where it stayed for three years. Sellers started selling for slightly more in 2013-2015 when they could obtain 97% of their list price. This increased to 98% in 2016, held steady in 2017, and has returned to 99% in 2018.
New home builders experienced a steady decline in new home sales between 2005 and 2010 -- dropping 78% from a peak of 186 to 41 sales in a year. Even if we use a starting point of 2001 (not shown above; before the housing boom) we still find a 70% drop between 2001 and 2010. The number of new home sales per year has not crept up much since that time -- staying between 38 and 54 new home sales per year. The past two years, however, were QUITE different. There were a total of 82 new home sales in 2016 and 77 more in 2017 -- a welcome sign for new home builders -- and it seems 2018 may result in even a few more new home sales.
Strong contract activity is typically an indicator of strong months of sales to come. Of interest, earlier in this report I commented on the fact that 2018 home sales are likely to eclipse 2017 levels, but not necessarily match the home sales activity seen in 2016 - and this seems to be born out by the contract figures shown above. The number of buyers contracting to buy homes in November 2018 was typical for a November, and only slight (-7 contracts) lower than last November. We are likley to see a further decline in contracts being signed in December, and then perhaps a slight uptick in January.
Overall sales activity is the combined effect of many would-be home buyers deciding to make an offer on a particular home -- and those decisions are not typically taken lightly. In contrast, changes in inventory levels are the effect of many homeowners deciding to list their home for sale -- which may be a significant decision, but it is not always so. Some homes on the market could be sellers who are just “testing the market” and thus, inventory levels can vary than home sales. Inventory levels have been declining significantly over the past year -- and are now 8% lower than they were one year ago and, more notably, 35% lower than they were two years ago.
This graph examines the differences in inventory levels over time when examining only single family homes as compared to attached dwellings (townhouses, duplexes, condos). The number of single family homes for sale has decreased by 17% over the past year, while the number of townhouses, duplexes and condos for sale has actually increased by 34% over the past year. We saw inventory levels increase a bit through the Spring and Summer, which did provide buyers with more options -- but we are likely to see these inventory levels decline further as we continue into and through the Winter season.
Inventory levels have fallen 9% in Rockingham County over the past year but have actually increased by a similar amount (8%) in the City of Harrisonburg during the same timeframe. Of note -- while there are approximately twice as many home sales in the County than in the City -- there are more than three times as many homes for sale in the County than in the City. As such, the low inventory is much more of an issue in the City right now if we look at both sellers (supply) and buyers (demand). This is likely leading to the faster increases in median sales price in the City, and the lower median days on market in the City.
Declining inventory levels are contributing to an overall decline in the time it takes to sell a home in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County. The current median “Days on Market” is 24 days for homes that have sold in the past year. Remarkably, 53% of homes that have sold in the past year have gone under contract within 30 days of having hit the market. Combine that with those that went under contract during the second month on the market, and you’ll find that 67% of homes that sell go under contract within 60 days. The graph to the right, above, shows the length of time that each active listing has been on the market for sale.
The pace of home sales in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County varies significantly based on price range. The graph above shows the average number of home sales per month (given a 12-month average) as we have passed through the past two years. Home sales have been declining over the past year in the “under $200K” category -- though likely because of limited inventory, and fewer properties existing in this range based on increasing home values. We have seen year-over-year increases in all other price ranges -- with the most significant comparative increase in the pace of home sales being in those properties over $400K in value.
Inventory levels shift up and down seasonally, but we are also seeing differences in year-over-year trajectories in each of the four price ranges outlined above. There have been declines in the inventory levels of all price ranges shown above -- though the largest declines in inventory over the past year have been in the under $200K range where inventory levels have declined by 18% and in the $400K+ range where inventory levels have declined 17%. The $200K - $300K price range has not seen as significant of a shift in inventory levels over the past year.
With so many home sales (lots of buyers) and so few homes on the market (not so many sellers), there are low levels of supply in some price ranges in our local real estate market. The graph above illustrates that while it would take 6 months to sell all of the homes currently for sale over $400K if the same number of buyers bought each month as have been buying (on average) over the past 12 months and if no new listings came on the market -- but it would only take two months (!!) to burn through the under $200K inventory. Many consider a six month supply to be a balance between buyers and sellers.
With the exception of 2016, we have seen between 78 and 84 lot sales of less than an acre for each of the past five years. This is a sharp decline from the 260 - 400 lot sales seen in 2002-2005, but it is an improvement over where things were (58-63 sales) between 2009 and 2012. From a value perspective, the sales prices of these “less than an acre” lots have also been rather stable -- fluctuating no further than between $54K and $60K over the past ten years. That is, of course, after a meteoric rise and then fall to/from $100K. Given the trajectory of lot sales over the last few years, I expect we’ll see something similar in 2018.
Parcels of land larger than one acre in Harrisonburg or Rockingham County increased in pace during 2017 to 88 land sales -- marking the highest year of sales since 2005. The median price per acre has also risen over the past year, from $10,000 to $15,827. That said, it was $15,171 two years ago -- so this is effectively not a net increase in price per acre over the past two years. Of note -- some aspects of this “median price per acre” calculation are affected by which parcels actually sell in a given year. We saw an increase in buyer demand in 2017, which seems to have lead to a further increase in the median price per acre.
The graph above is a comparison of two imprecise measures -- but the comparison can still be helpful. The blue bars show the number of home sales recorded in the HRAR MLS -- this does not include private sales that did not involve a Realtor, nor new home sales directly from a builder. The red bars show the number of recorded Trustee Deeds. Some foreclosed properties then show up again as REO properties. The foreclosure rate in our local market area is trending downward -- sharply in 2018 -- and the pace of home sales is increasing much more quickly, despite having slowed slightly in 2017.
As shown in the top graph above, for most of the past three years, home buyers have seen tremendously low interest rates -- almost always under 4% except in late 2016 and during the past eight months. Thus far, these rising interest rates have not seemed to have made a large impact on the number of buyers buying homes. The second graph above illustrates trends in the local unemployment rate -- which has shown a general downward trend over the past several years to a current level of 2.7%. A low local unemployment rate and relatively low mortgage interest rates help our local housing market remain stable.
